Talks：	Circadian Clocks: Impact on Metabolic and Brain Health
Name：	Phyllis C. Zee
Position：	Benjamin and Virginia T. Boshes Professor in Neurology Professor of Neurobiology; Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine Director, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine
Affiliation：	Northwestern University Chicago, IL USA
Email：	p-zee@northwestern.edu
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Research Interests：	Dr. Zee’s research has focused on the effects of age on sleep and circadian rhythms, genetic regulation of circadian sleep disorders, and interventions (light, physical activity, feeding) to improve sleep and circadian health. Current funded research includes laboratory and population based studies that examine the relationship between sleep and sleep disorders with metabolic and cardiovascular risk in populations at risk, the effects of sleep disturbance on adverse pregnancy outcomes, clinical trial examining pharmacological treatment for sleep apnea, and the role of acoustic stimulation to enhance slow wave sleep and memory.
Selected Publications：	◆Zee PC, Badr MS, Kushida C, Mullington JM, Pack AI, Parthasarathy S, Redline S, Szymusiak RS, Walsh JK, Watson NF. Strategic opportunities in sleep and circadian research: report of the Joint Task Force of the SRS and AASM. Sleep. 2014 Feb 1;37(2):219-27. ◆Videnovic A, Noble C, Reid KJ, Peng J, Turek FW, Marconi A, Rademaker AW, Simuni T, Zadikoff C, Zee PC. Circadian melatonin rhythm and excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Apr;71(4):463-9. ◆Mullington JM, Abbott SM, Carroll JE, Davis CJ, Dijk DJ, Dinges DF, Gehrman PR, Ginsburg GS, Gozal D, Haack M, Lim DC, Macrea M, Pack AI, Plante DT, Teske JA, Zee PC. Developing Biomarker Arrays Predicting Sleep and Circadian-Coupled Risks to Health. Sleep. 2016 Apr 1;39(4):727-36. ◆Cheung IN, Zee PC, Shalman D, Malkani RG, Kang J, Reid KJ. Morning and Evening Blue-Enriched Light Exposure Alters Metabolic Function in Normal Weight Adults. PLoS One. 2016 May 18;11(5). ◆Lane JM, Chang AM, Bjonnes AC, Aeschbach D, Anderson C, Cade BE, Cain SW, Czeisler CA, Gharib SA, Gooley JJ, Gottlieb DJ, Grant SF, Klerman EB, Lauderdale DS, Lockley SW, Munch M, Patel S, Punjabi NM, Rajaratnam SM, Rueger M, St Hilaire MA, Santhi N, Scheuermaier K, Van Reen E, Zee PC, Shea SA, Duffy JF, Buxton OM, Redline S, Scheer FA, Saxena R. Impact of Common Diabetes Risk Variant in MTNR1B on Sleep, Circadian, and Melatonin Physiology. Diabetes. 2016 Jun;65(6):1741-51. ◆Facco FL, Parker CB, Reddy UM, Silver RM, Koch MA, Louis JM, Basner RC, Chung JH, Nhan-Chang CL, Pien GW, Redline S, Grobman WA, Wing DA, Simhan HN, Haas DM, Mercer BM, Parry S, Mobley D, Hunter S, Saade GR, Schubert FP, Zee PC. Association Between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;129(1):31-41.
Abstract：	There have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of circadian rhythms, as well as the impact of circadian dysfunction on health and disease. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) result from a misalignment between the timing of the endogenous circadian rhythm and the external environment or dysfunction of the circadian clock or its input and output pathways. In clinical practice, CRDs are considered as a subtype of sleep disorders, and lie primarily in the domain of sleep medicine. Although sleep medicine clinicians focus on the sleep-wake impairments associated with CRDs, recent evidence strongly points to the ubiquitous influence of circadian timing in nearly all physiological functions, and that circadian dysfunction increases the risk for neurologic, psychiatric and cardio-metabolic disorders. For example, our data show that alterations in circadian timing systems strongly influence the risk for cardio-metabolic disorders in adults, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders of pregnancy. Weakening of circadian clock function is also likely to impact the development and expression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson Disease. Thus, it’s the time is right to integrate the time domain into the practice of medicine.